کلام اقبال اردو میں انبیاء علیھم السلام کا ذکر: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Mention of the Prophets (Peace Be Upon Them) in Iqbal's Urdu Poetry: A Research Review

Abstract

This article analyzes the profound and symbolic use of various Prophets of Islam in the poetic works of Allama Muhammad Iqbal. The study focuses on how Iqbal employs the narratives and characteristics of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Joseph, Moses, and Solomon as powerful talismanic figures and metaphors to convey his philosophical and reformative messages.

Iqbal’s poetic treatment of the Prophets transcends mere narration. Adam symbolizes the potential of the Self (Khudi) and the first viceregent of God on Earth, while his "misstep" highlights the journey of growth through experience. Abraham, the "Father of the Prophets" and "Symbol of Monotheism", is primarily used to represent the unwavering certainty of faith (Yaqeen-e-Mohkam) and the courage of idol-breaking (But Shikani) against the "idols" of modernity, such as nationalism and materialism. Moses, the "Spokesman of God" (Kaleem Allah), is a central figure, symbolizing the direct communion with the Divine (Jalwa-e-Toor), the revolutionary power of truth (Zarb-e-Kaleem) against oppressive forces like Pharaoh and the dangers of spiritual stagnation (Tilsam-e-Samri). The ultimate sacrifice of Ishmael represents the pinnacle of self-surrender and obedience.

In essence, Iqbal utilizes the lives of these Prophets—from Noah's perseverance to Joseph's resilience in the face of adversity and Solomon's unique kingship—as a framework for spiritual and intellectual reform of the Muslim Ummah. The study concludes that the Prophets in Iqbal's poetry are not just historical characters, but dynamic, living archetypes that inspire the reader toward self-discovery, unwavering faith, revolutionary action, and the establishment of a just and divinely-guided society.