دور محدثي القرن الرابع الهجري في تحسین و تطوير اصول الجرح والتعديل

The Role of the Muhadditheen of the 4th Century Hijri in the Appreciation and Development of the Principles of Criticism and Praise

Abstract

It has been the distinction of the Islamic scholars that they have worked very carefully in the publication and propagation of Islamic sciences from generation to generation. In every era and in every field, there have been scholars who have made the difference between the true and false in every field of knowledge. Not only in the science of Hadith, but in all sciences and arts, special arrangements were made for this. As if it had become a part of the intellectual mood of the Muslims that whatever historical or scientific matter was said in front of someone, it would be said with full evidence. The concept of al-jarh wa al-ta’dil and its proof is found in the Prophetic Pledge. In the same way, this series of investigation of the narrators and their criticism and praise continued until the fourth century of Hijri when great scholars like Imam Nasa'i, Ibn Abi Hatim Razi, ibn Hibbān al-Bustī, Al-Darqutni and ibn ʿAdī, he performed rendered significant services in the field of criticism and praise along with other fields of hadith. Now it is necessary to highlight the role and services of Muhadditheen of the 4th century Hijri in the field of Criticism and Praise and not only to clarify their standards and methods in the evaluation of texts and traditions, but also to clarify the later periods. To what extent scholars have benefited from his books and services and to what extent his efforts in the field of knowledge have been prominent should be openly described.  This research came to raise three important questions, What is the criteria of Muhadditheen of the fourth century Hijri in examining the texts and narrations of hadiths? What are the compilations of the hadiths of the fourth century Hijri in the field of Criticism and Praise and what are their effects in the later periods? And what was the role of the Muhadditheen of the 4th century Hijri in the appreciation and development of Criticism and Praise? In this research the researcher followed the historical method: by mentioning a brief introduction of five Muhadditheen of the fourth century Hijri and conveying the words of scholars about their lives, books, and scientific position and has been followed descriptive and analytical methodology to know and highlight the role of the Muhadditheen of the 4th century Hijri in the appreciation and development of Criticism and Praise.